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Using systemd-nspawn to test rear rescue image
It is always a challenge to relay on the rescue image created by Relax-and-Recover (rear) if you cannot do a real boot test, right?
Well, you can just test it out almost immediately without doing a real boot test with systemd-nspawn. To do just run rear -vd mkrescue:
# rear -vd mkrescue
Relax-and-Recover 1.17.0 / Git
Using log file: /var/log/rear/rear-braba.log
Using UEFI Boot Loader for Linux (USING_UEFI_BOOTLOADER=1)
Creating disk layout
Creating root filesystem layout
TIP: To login as root via ssh you need to set up /root/.ssh/authorized_keys or SSH_ROOT_PASSWORD in your configuration file
Copying files and directories
Copying binaries and libraries
Copying kernel modules
Creating initramfs
Making ISO image
Wrote ISO image: /var/lib/rear/output/rear-braba.iso (135M)
You should also rm -Rf /tmp/rear.6PzAIYKf22D4uOL
It is important to use the d option with rear which keeps the temporary directories intact so that you can inspect these yourself. The above temporary rear directory contains some sub-directories like:
# ls /tmp/rear.6PzAIYKf22D4uOL
outputfs rootfs tmp
We need the rootfs directory as this contains a full populated rescue image. In the past the only debug command was the chroot command, like:
# chroot /tmp/rear.6PzAIYKf22D4uOL/rootfs
bash-4.2# ls
bin boot dev etc init lib lib64 mnt proc root run sbin selinux sys tmp usr var
However, with systemd-nspawn command we can really boot the rescue image. Isn’t that cool?
# systemd-nspawn -bD /tmp/rear.6PzAIYKf22D4uOL/rootfs/
The kernel auditing subsystem is known to be incompatible with containers.
Please make sure to turn off auditing with 'audit=0' on the kernel command
line before using systemd-nspawn. Sleeping for 5s...
Spawning namespace container on /tmp/rear.6PzAIYKf22D4uOL/rootfs (console is /dev/pts/2).
Init process in the container running as PID 22291.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset of type cgroup with options cpuset.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu,cpuacct of type cgroup with options cpu,cpuacct.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/memory of type cgroup with options memory.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/devices of type cgroup with options devices.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer of type cgroup with options freezer.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/net_cls of type cgroup with options net_cls.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio of type cgroup with options blkio.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event of type cgroup with options perf_event.
Mounting cgroup to /sys/fs/cgroup/hugetlb of type cgroup with options hugetlb.
systemd 208 running in system mode. (+PAM +LIBWRAP +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA +SYSVINIT +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +ACL +XZ)
Detected virtualization 'systemd-nspawn'.
Welcome to CentOS Linux 7 (Core)!
Initializing machine ID from random generator.
Using cgroup controller name=systemd. File system hierarchy is at /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd/machine.slice/machine-rootfs.scope.
Release agent already installed.
Using notification socket @/org/freedesktop/systemd1/notify/16387626271585879236
Set up TFD_TIMER_CANCEL_ON_SET timerfd.
Successfully created private D-Bus server.
Looking for unit files in (higher priority first):
/etc/systemd/system
/run/systemd/system
/usr/local/lib/systemd/system
/usr/lib/systemd/system
Looking for SysV init scripts in:
/etc/rc.d/init.d
Looking for SysV rcN.d links in:
/etc/rc.d
Failed to load configuration for local-fs.target: No such file or directory
Failed to load configuration for local-fs-pre.target: No such file or directory
-.mount changed dead -> mounted
proc-sys-kernel-random-boot_id.mount changed dead -> mounted
etc-resolv.conf.mount changed dead -> mounted
dev-dm\x2d1.swap changed dead -> active
Activating default unit: default.target
[/usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target:13] Unknown lvalue 'Names' in section 'Unit'
Failed to load configuration for plymouth-quit-wait.service: No such file or directory
Failed to load configuration for systemd-user-sessions.service: No such file or directory
Trying to enqueue job multi-user.target/start/isolate
Installed new job multi-user.target/start as 1
Installed new job sysinit.target/start as 2
Installed new job systemd-udev-trigger.service/start as 4
Installed new job systemd-udevd.service/start as 5
Installed new job systemd-udevd-control.socket/start as 6
Installed new job systemd-udevd-kernel.socket/start as 7
Installed new job systemd-journald.service/start as 8
Installed new job systemd-journald.socket/start as 9
Installed new job sysinit.service/start as 10
Installed new job basic.target/start as 11
Installed new job sockets.target/start as 12
Installed new job systemd-shutdownd.socket/start as 13
Installed new job systemd-logger.socket/start as 14
Installed new job syslog.socket/start as 15
Installed new job dbus.socket/start as 16
Installed new job system.slice/start as 17
Installed new job -.slice/start as 18
Installed new job sshd.service/start as 19
Installed new job rear-boot-helper.service/start as 20
Installed new job getty.target/start as 21
Installed new job getty@tty4.service/start as 22
Installed new job system-getty.slice/start as 23
Installed new job getty@tty3.service/start as 24
Installed new job getty@tty2.service/start as 25
Installed new job getty@tty1.service/start as 26
Enqueued job multi-user.target/start as 1
Loaded units and determined initial transaction in 4.666ms.
Starting Relax-and-Recover boot script...
About to execute: /etc/scripts/boot
Forked /etc/scripts/boot as 2
rear-boot-helper.service changed dead -> start
ConditionPathExists=/etc/inittab succeeded for sshd.service.
Starting Relax-and-Recover sshd service...
About to execute: /etc/scripts/run-sshd
Forked /etc/scripts/run-sshd as 3
sshd.service changed dead -> running
Job sshd.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Relax-and-Recover sshd service.
-.slice changed dead -> active
Job -.slice/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Created slice -.slice.
system.slice changed dead -> active
Job system.slice/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Created slice system.slice.
system-getty.slice changed dead -> active
Job system-getty.slice/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Created slice system-getty.slice.
syslog.socket changed dead -> listening
Job syslog.socket/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Listening on Syslog Socket.
systemd-logger.socket changed dead -> listening
Job systemd-logger.socket/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Listening on Logging Socket.
systemd-shutdownd.socket changed dead -> listening
Job systemd-shutdownd.socket/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Listening on Delayed Shutdown Socket.
systemd-journald.socket changed dead -> listening
Job systemd-journald.socket/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Listening on Journal Socket.
Starting Journal Service...
About to execute: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald
Forked /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald as 4
systemd-journald.service changed dead -> running
Job systemd-journald.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Journal Service.
systemd-journald.socket changed listening -> running
ConditionCapability=CAP_MKNOD failed for systemd-udevd-kernel.socket.
Starting of systemd-udevd-kernel.socket requested but condition failed. Ignoring.
Job systemd-udevd-kernel.socket/start finished, result=done
ConditionCapability=CAP_MKNOD failed for systemd-udevd-control.socket.
Starting of systemd-udevd-control.socket requested but condition failed. Ignoring.
Job systemd-udevd-control.socket/start finished, result=done
ConditionCapability=CAP_MKNOD failed for systemd-udevd.service.
Starting of systemd-udevd.service requested but condition failed. Ignoring.
Job systemd-udevd.service/start finished, result=done
Starting udev Coldplug all Devices...
About to execute: /usr/bin/udevadm trigger --type=subsystems --action=add
Forked /usr/bin/udevadm as 7
systemd-udev-trigger.service changed dead -> start
sysinit.target changed dead -> active
Job sysinit.target/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Reached target System Initialization.
dbus.socket changed dead -> listening
Job dbus.socket/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Listening on D-Bus System Message Bus Socket.
sockets.target changed dead -> active
Job sockets.target/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Reached target Sockets.
basic.target changed dead -> active
Job basic.target/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Reached target Basic System.
Starting Initialize Rescue System...
About to execute: /etc/scripts/system-setup
Forked /etc/scripts/system-setup as 9
sysinit.service changed dead -> start
Set up jobs progress timerfd.
Set up idle_pipe watch.
Executing: /etc/scripts/system-setup
* * * Configuring Rescue System * * *
Running 00-functions.sh...
Got notification message for unit systemd-journald.service
systemd-journald.service: Got message
systemd-journald.service: got STATUS=Processing requests...
Got notification message for unit systemd-journald.service
systemd-journald.service: Got message
systemd-journald.service: got STATUS=Processing requests...
Running 10-console-setup.sh...
Received SIGCHLD from PID 3 (sshd).
Child 3 (sshd) died (code=exited, status=255/n/a)
Child 3 belongs to sshd.service
sshd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=255/n/a
sshd.service changed running -> failed
Unit sshd.service entered failed state.
sshd.service: cgroup is empty
Child 7 (udevadm) died (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Child 7 belongs to systemd-udev-trigger.service
systemd-udev-trigger.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS
systemd-udev-trigger.service running next main command for state start
About to execute: /usr/bin/udevadm trigger --type=devices --action=add
Couldn't get a file descriptor referring to the console
Forked /usr/bin/udevadm as 15
Received SIGCHLD from PID 7 (n/a).
Running 20-check-boot-options.sh...
Received SIGCHLD from PID 2 (boot).
Child 2 (boot) died (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Child 2 belongs to rear-boot-helper.service
rear-boot-helper.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS
rear-boot-helper.service changed start -> dead
Job rear-boot-helper.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Relax-and-Recover boot script.
rear-boot-helper.service: cgroup is empty
Running 40-start-udev-or-load-modules.sh...
Loading storage modules...
Received SIGCHLD from PID 15 (udevadm).
Child 15 (udevadm) died (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Child 15 belongs to systemd-udev-trigger.service
systemd-udev-trigger.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS
systemd-udev-trigger.service changed start -> exited
Job systemd-udev-trigger.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started udev Coldplug all Devices.
systemd-udev-trigger.service: cgroup is empty
Running 41-load-special-modules.sh...
Running 42-engage-scsi.sh...
Running 45-serial-console.sh...
Accepted connection on private bus.
Got D-Bus request: org.freedesktop.systemd1.Manager.Reload() on /org/freedesktop/systemd1
Reloading.
Serializing state to /run/systemd/dump-1-GgC13b
Looking for unit files in (higher priority first):
/etc/systemd/system
/run/systemd/system
/usr/local/lib/systemd/system
/usr/lib/systemd/system
Looking for SysV init scripts in:
/etc/rc.d/init.d
Looking for SysV rcN.d links in:
/etc/rc.d
Failed to load configuration for local-fs.target: No such file or directory
Failed to load configuration for local-fs-pre.target: No such file or directory
Deserializing state...
[/usr/lib/systemd/system/multi-user.target:13] Unknown lvalue 'Names' in section 'Unit'
Failed to load configuration for plymouth-quit-wait.service: No such file or directory
Failed to load configuration for systemd-user-sessions.service: No such file or directory
Reinstalled deserialized job multi-user.target/start as 1
Reinstalled deserialized job sysinit.service/start as 10
Reinstalled deserialized job getty.target/start as 21
Reinstalled deserialized job getty@tty4.service/start as 22
Reinstalled deserialized job getty@tty3.service/start as 24
Reinstalled deserialized job getty@tty2.service/start as 25
Reinstalled deserialized job getty@tty1.service/start as 26
-.mount changed dead -> mounted
proc-sys-kernel-random-boot_id.mount changed dead -> mounted
system.slice changed dead -> active
-.slice changed dead -> active
etc-resolv.conf.mount changed dead -> mounted
dev-dm\x2d1.swap changed dead -> active
sysinit.target changed dead -> active
systemd-udev-trigger.service changed dead -> exited
systemd-journald.service changed dead -> running
sysinit.service changed dead -> start
sshd.service changed dead -> failed
system-getty.slice changed dead -> active
basic.target changed dead -> active
sockets.target changed dead -> active
systemd-shutdownd.socket changed dead -> listening
systemd-logger.socket changed dead -> listening
systemd-journald.socket changed dead -> running
syslog.socket changed dead -> listening
dbus.socket changed dead -> listening
Closing left-over fd 37
Got D-Bus request: org.freedesktop.DBus.Local.Disconnected() on /org/freedesktop/DBus/Local
Running 55-migrate-network-devices.sh...
Running 58-start-dhclient.sh...
Attempting to start the DHCP client daemon
dhclient: error while loading shared libraries: libomapi.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied
dhclient: error while loading shared libraries: libomapi.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied
dhclient: error while loading shared libraries: libomapi.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied
dhclient: error while loading shared libraries: libomapi.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied
dhclient: error while loading shared libraries: libomapi.so.0: cannot open shared object file: Permission denied
Running 60-network-devices.sh...
Running 62-routing.sh...
Running 99-makedev.sh...
* * * Rescue System is ready * * *
Received SIGCHLD from PID 9 (system-setup).
Child 9 (system-setup) died (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Child 9 belongs to sysinit.service
sysinit.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS
sysinit.service changed start -> dead
Job sysinit.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Initialize Rescue System.
Closed jobs progress timerfd.
sysinit.service: cgroup is empty
Starting Getty on tty4...
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty4 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 787
getty@tty4.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty4.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Getty on tty4.
Starting Getty on tty3...
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty3 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 788
getty@tty3.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty3.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Getty on tty3.
Starting Getty on tty2...
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty2 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 789
getty@tty2.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty2.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Getty on tty2.
Starting Getty on tty1...
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty1 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 790
getty@tty1.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty1.service/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Started Getty on tty1.
getty.target changed dead -> active
Job getty.target/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Reached target Login Prompts.
multi-user.target changed dead -> active
Job multi-user.target/start finished, result=done
[ OK ] Reached target Multi-User.
Closed idle_pipe watch.
Received SIGCHLD from PID 787 (agetty).
Child 787 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 787 belongs to getty@tty4.service
getty@tty4.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty4.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty4.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty4.service: cgroup is empty
Child 788 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 788 belongs to getty@tty3.service
getty@tty3.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty3.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty3.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty3.service: cgroup is empty
Child 789 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 789 belongs to getty@tty2.service
getty@tty2.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty2.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty2.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty2.service: cgroup is empty
Child 790 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 790 belongs to getty@tty1.service
getty@tty1.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty1.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty1.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty1.service: cgroup is empty
Received SIGCHLD from PID 788 (n/a).
getty@tty4.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty4.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty4.service/restart as 27
Enqueued job getty@tty4.service/restart as 27
getty@tty4.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty4.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty4.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty4.service/restart -> getty@tty4.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty4 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 791
getty@tty4.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty4.service/start finished, result=done
getty@tty3.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty3.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty3.service/restart as 42
Enqueued job getty@tty3.service/restart as 42
getty@tty3.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty3.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty3.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty3.service/restart -> getty@tty3.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty3 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 792
getty@tty3.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty3.service/start finished, result=done
getty@tty2.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty2.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty2.service/restart as 57
Enqueued job getty@tty2.service/restart as 57
getty@tty2.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty2.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty2.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty2.service/restart -> getty@tty2.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty2 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 793
getty@tty2.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty2.service/start finished, result=done
getty@tty1.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty1.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty1.service/restart as 72
Enqueued job getty@tty1.service/restart as 72
getty@tty1.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty1.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty1.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty1.service/restart -> getty@tty1.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty1 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 794
getty@tty1.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty1.service/start finished, result=done
Received SIGCHLD from PID 791 (agetty).
Child 791 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 791 belongs to getty@tty4.service
getty@tty4.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty4.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty4.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty4.service: cgroup is empty
getty@tty4.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty4.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty4.service/restart as 87
Enqueued job getty@tty4.service/restart as 87
getty@tty4.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty4.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty4.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty4.service/restart -> getty@tty4.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty4 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 795
getty@tty4.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty4.service/start finished, result=done
Received SIGCHLD from PID 792 (agetty).
Child 792 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 792 belongs to getty@tty3.service
getty@tty3.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty3.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty3.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty3.service: cgroup is empty
Child 793 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 793 belongs to getty@tty2.service
getty@tty2.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty2.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty2.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty2.service: cgroup is empty
getty@tty3.service holdoff time over, scheduling restart.
Trying to enqueue job getty@tty3.service/restart/fail
Installed new job getty@tty3.service/restart as 102
Enqueued job getty@tty3.service/restart as 102
getty@tty3.service scheduled restart job.
getty@tty3.service changed auto-restart -> dead
Job getty@tty3.service/restart finished, result=done
Converting job getty@tty3.service/restart -> getty@tty3.service/start
About to execute: /sbin/agetty tty3 38400
Forked /sbin/agetty as 796
getty@tty3.service changed dead -> running
Job getty@tty3.service/start finished, result=done
Received SIGCHLD from PID 794 (agetty).
Child 794 (agetty) died (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
Child 794 belongs to getty@tty1.service
getty@tty1.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=1/FAILURE
getty@tty1.service changed running -> dead
getty@tty1.service changed dead -> auto-restart
getty@tty1.service: cgroup is empty
Unfortunately, the agetty processes seem to fail within systemd-nspawn process, and as such preventing from getting a real prompt.
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